106

 

 

Gerund and Gerundive Constructions

   

107

 

  Latin used the future passive participle to translate the    

Marcus climbed the tree in order to see his girlfriend.

  English gerund in the genitive, dative, and ablative cases       ut amīcam videret.
  and in the accusative when the accusative is the object    
Marcus in arborem ascendit
amīcae videndae causā
  of a preposition (otherwise, use the infinitve).       ad amīcam videndam.
 

amandō - 'by loving'

     
 

usuī videndō - 'useful for seeing

     
 

(NB: Double Dative)

     
         
  A particularly common use of the gerund is in the genitive      
  with causā or the accusative with ad to express purpose.      
  This is a common alternative to an ut clause.      
 

Marcus climbed the tree to see better.

     
   

ut melius vidźret.

     
 
Marcus in arborem ascendit
melius videndī causā      
    ad melius videndum      
         
         
  Note that causā always follows the gerund.      
         
  When the gerund has an object, Latin usually puts the      
  object in the case the gerund should be and changes the      
  future passive participle to agree with the "object." This      
  usage is called the gerundive.      
         
         

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