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Gerund and Gerundive Constructions |
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| Latin used the future passive participle to translate the |
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| English gerund in the genitive, dative, and ablative cases | ut amīcam videret. | |||||
| and in the accusative when the accusative is the object | Marcus in arborem ascendit |
amīcae videndae causā | ||||
| of a preposition (otherwise, use the infinitve). | ad amīcam videndam. | |||||
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| A particularly common use of the gerund is in the genitive | ||||||
| with causā or the accusative with ad to express purpose. | ||||||
| This is a common alternative to an ut clause. | ||||||
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ut melius vidźret. |
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Marcus in arborem ascendit |
melius videndī causā | |||||
| ad melius videndum | ||||||
| Note that causā always follows the gerund. | ||||||
| When the gerund has an object, Latin usually puts the | ||||||
| object in the case the gerund should be and changes the | ||||||
| future passive participle to agree with the "object." This | ||||||
| usage is called the gerundive. | ||||||